How was Egypt conquered by the Ottomans in just

Levant and parts of Arabia were under

continued to exist due to its geographic

position the Empire was a bridgehead

between European and Asian markets trade

was heavy with Mediterranean and Black

Sea ports and with India the Oriental

trade was controlled largely by a group

of Muslim merchants while the

Mediterranean trade was left to European

traders whom the Mamluks allowed certain

privileges mainly in the city of

Alexandria by the 15th century however

Egypt's commercial importance rapidly

deteriorated as a result of population

losses caused by the plague increased

government interference in local

commerce Bedouin raiding and Portuguese

competition in the oriental trade north

of this Muslim Sultanate a new power

emerged the ottomans dominated the

Balkans and Anatolia the relationship

between this new power of Anatolia and

the Mamluks had been adversarial since

the fall of Constantinople in 1453 as

others before them the whole region of

the Middle East from Anatolia to Arabia

and from Egypt to Persia meant huge

opportunities mainly in trade both

empires sought control of the spice

trade and the Ottomans aspired to

eventually take control of the holy

cities of Islam in earlier conflict

which lasted from 1485 to 1491 had led

to a stalemate with no winners by 1516

the Ottomans were free from other

concerns after pacifying some regions

Sultan Selim the first defeated the

rival Safavid Persia at the Battle of

children in 1514 the Sultan looked south

and turned its attention against the man

looks who ruled in Syria and Egypt

hoping to expand its realm into the

Middle East Selim the first attack to

dull Kadir an egyptian vassal not having

to worry about the Safavid anymore the

Ottoman Sultan assembled a great army

aim

conquering Egypt the menlik sultan spent

the winter of 1515 and the spring of

1516 preparing an army for the incoming

events he proposed leading to the

disturbed confines of Asia Minor before

beginning the March an embassy arrived

from Salim the first promising in

friendly terms to agree to Mamluk

requests to appoint an Egyptian vassal

to the Balak abdulqadir the small state

was seen as a long-standing buffer state

between the Mamluks and ottomans

the request was refused on the 18th of

May 1516 all Ashraf Kansa al Johari set

out from Cairo with a large force but it

lacked a vital piece artillery the

Mamluks marched north with confident

accompanied by music and in festivity

more like preparing for a parade than

for a possible conflict the hosts

included 15 high-ranking Emmer's 5,000

royal Mamluks and militia conscripts and

was supplemented during the march by

additional Syrian and Bedouin forces

high officers of state were also present

the Abbasid caliph sheiks and Nobles

also important members of administration

and high-ranking officials on his way

the mamluk sultan was also accompanied

by ahmed son to the late pretender to

the Ottoman throne Selim the First's

nephew he took him with honors hoping to

have an influence and attract

sympathizers from the ottoman force on

the 9th of June he entered Damascus with

great festivity advancing slowly towards

Aleppo emissaries arrived from the

Ottoman camp which under the pretense of

peace brought presents to the Sultan the

Caliph and his Vizier at Aleppo the

Mamluk governor care bay had secretly

sided with the ottomans though the

governor of Damascus had disclosed this

to the Sultan he discredited the

information a report came to salim that

his forces were advancing against them

the mamluk sultan distributed gifts to

his personal forces which displeased the

other men looks

the Mamluk army advanced and on the 20th

of August 1516 made camp at the plain of

marj dabiq even if the battle started

good for them here they suffered a

tremendous defeat mainly due to betrayal

and rumors that all Johari had ordered

the recruits to hold their positions and

to avoid combat meanwhile care bay in

command of the left flank called for a

retreat the fact that his forces were

the first to quit the field was

considered evidence of the man's

betrayal accounts vary however as to

exactly how the mamluk sultan met his

end at that battle care bay may have

spread a report of his death to create

unrest among the population salim the

first entered aleppo in triumph he was

welcomed by the inhabitants as a

liberator from the excesses of the

Mamluks the instability of the Mamluk

Sultanate was at a high level after

rumors about the Sultan's death began to

spread from Aleppo the ottomans marched

to Damascus

even if there were some attempts to

protect the city by flooding the plain

around the remnants of the Mamluk forces

had done nothing substantial to oppose

the enemy fights and discord amongst the

Emmer's and the elite had paralyzed the

army creating a bad organization and

this prevented any decisive action that

might have affected the course of events

in favor of the Mamluks

some supported the Emer John bardy

al-ghazali as the new Sultanate while

others favored the deceased rulers son

as the Ottomans approached however

resistance dissolved as remaining forces

either went over to Turkish side or fled

to Egypt Selim entered Damascus in

mid-october and the inhabitants

surrendered to the conquerors the whole

Syria fell under the rule of the

Ottomans only after a single battle the

Mamluk cavalry forces led by Jan beardie

al-ghazali attacked the ottomans that

were trying to cross the Gaza on their

way to Egypt

the ottomans led by grand vizier adam

Sinan Pasha were able to break the

Egyptian Mamluk cavalry charge all

Ghazali was wounded during the

confrontation and the leftover Mamluk

forces the next mamluk sultan - maan bay

desperately recruited troops from

various classes of society and bedouin

and also attempted to equip his armies

with quantity of cannons and firearms

but all of his last-minute efforts were

on a limited scale thus finally at the

doorstep of Cairo the Battle of red Anya

happened on the 24th of January 1517

solemn and toomin Bey faced each other

even if to maan tried with great effort

to equip his army the firearms and guns

turned out to be useless in this battle

the ottoman commander haddem Sinan Pasha

lost his life after this last

confrontation the Ottomans captured and

sacked the capital Cairo - Mon bei

regrouped in Giza there the mamluk

sultan was captured and afterwards

hang the holy Muslim cities of Mecca and

Medina submitted to the Ottoman rule

transforming the Empire to a huge

structure and to the center of the

Islamic world the rivalry between the

Ottomans and Mamluks started from a

competition over the control of the

Turkmen areas after the ottoman dynasty

became stronger and stronger mainly over

eastern Anatolia after 1514 the Ottomans

and the Mamluks became rivals in 1516

after Selim had defeated the man looks

at March Davich Ottoman goals had

probably been met especially since the

mamluk sultan died in battle but the

Mamluks rallied around a new sultan in

cairo who refused to accept Salim's

terms for a settlement

the Sultan's stubbornness crated the

motives for the Ottoman armies to

advance further until Levant and then

Egypt Selim marched against Egypt in

1517 defeated the Mamluks and installed

care bay as ottoman governor due to the

death of the Sultan and to the

instability that followed combined with

the capture of Egyptian capital resulted

in a whole

annexation the whole Mamluk realm

including Levant Egypt and important

parts of Arabia became territories

within the Ottoman Empire after the

collapse of this Sultanate the Mamluk

elite still existed though they

collaborated with the Ottoman government

they often defied it and ultimately came

to dominate it the history of Ottoman

Egypt concerns the process by which the

conquered man looks reasserted their

power within these lands the conquest of

the Mamluk Empire also opened new

opportunities for the expanding Ottomans

more to the west coasts of northern

Africa were incorporated to the Empire

after the conquest of Tunis in Algeria

under the ottomans egypt was a difficult

province for the Sultan's to control due

in part to the continuing power and

influence of the Mamluks this was the

Egyptian military elite who had ruled

the country for centuries

Egypt remained a sort of semi-autonomous