Asia Minor - History of the Ottoman Empire (1299-1400)

 dominant empires throughout history

known also as the Turkish Empire the

Ottoman power was a state that

controlled territory spanning across

Europe Asia and Africa for over 600

years in their first 100 years due to

their impressive abilities to take

advantage of their weaker neighbors and

due to the massive mistakes made by

kingdoms of the Balkans and other

Christian powers including the Byzantine

Empire the Ottomans will rise from a

small Balak to a regional power and they

will use this position as a stepping

stone to expand even more this is our

first part of the Ottoman history series

in which we will present an episode for

every 100 years of this impressive

Empire we would like to give a special

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the conquering force began around the

Year 1299

when Osman the first a Muslim leader

from the town of soget Anatolia styled

himself as supreme leader or Sultan

following a string of raids led by osman

and his Ghazi troops against their

Byzantine opposition the name of the

Empire Ottoman is derived from the name

of its first leader and founder ausmin

whose name was actually Othman in Arabic

left behind a scarce amount of

information about his life but gave the

world an empire in his name consequently

due to the lack of reliable contemporary

sources about the Muslim leader current

historians struggled to determine what

tales have been fabricated over the

years and which ones are in fact true

according to Ottoman lore Osman the

first was the son of article and

grandson of Solomon Shah both of whom

were from the ke tribe of August Turks

although the latter connection has been

debated by Ottoman genealogists

nonetheless Osman the first was the man

responsible for creating the first

foundations of the 600 year running

Empire taking advantage of the

disintegration seljuq dynasty in Iran

and Mesopotamia which was vanquished in

1293 Osman began expanding his territory

through Anatolia as the chief rival to

the Byzantine Christians by the start of

the 14th century the newly founded

Ottoman Empire began to spread by

directionally approaching the Sea of

Marmara and along the Sakarya River

unfortunately for the eager conquerors

their siege equipment was insufficient

making it momentarily impossible for

them to capture some of the bigger

Byzantine cities and territories such as

Constantinople it wasn't until 1326 that

the ottomans were able to capture the

city of Bursa which would later be

styled their new capital in 1335 around

the time of this victory the first

Sultan Osman the first passed away

leaving his son or ham as the second

Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

under Orhan's rain the Turks were now

able to start strengthening their power

and authority after seizing Bursa where

the tome of Osman the first still

remains as part of his military

bolstering or hand went to his brother

Aladdin for advice

a Layden suggested that Orhan create an

army of men who were paid and trained

infantryman this is opposed to the

method of the predecessors armies which

were made up of contingents and

volunteers who only came together for

the campaign or battle at hand or hand

enacted this new strategy but quickly

became dissatisfied and decided to look

to a relative through marriage Khan dari

cara Halil for new guidance Khan Darley

came up with the idea for what later

would be known as the Janissaries the

body of troops was to be made up of

children from Christian families in

territories that had been conquered by

the Ottomans which would be converted to

Islam and trained as a leaf infantryman

and slaves to the Sultan making up the

first modern standing army in Europe

the Janissaries were known for their

extreme loyalty to the Sultan ensured by

strict policies and rules applied to

them throughout their service such as

the outlaw of marriage while the

Janissary troops weren't considered to

have truly been established until the

rule of Murad the first the introductory

steps were made during Orhan's time of

consolidation

also on the mind of the second Sultan

was expansion this became a heavier

focus in 1331 with the capture of iznik

following a few years later by the

seizure of Ismet in 1337 and then the

taking of us kadar in 1338 only seven

years after the latest of those

successes or hen was then able to occupy

the principality of coracii around which

time he also became an ally to John the

sixth canto coziness the later byzantine

emperor through this new union or hand

was additionally able to gain permission

to raid the region of Thrace a goal of

the Ottomans of course being to capture

this area and marry the daughter of

kantakouzenos Theodora furthermore under

the command of Suleyman Pasha one of

Orhan's sons the Ottomans spread their

control to Gallipoli in 1354 despite

canticles Ennis's attempts to peacefully

remove them in response to byzantine

fears the raids throughout Gallipoli had

also brought in remarkable rewards and

treasures to the Ottomans which

attracted the attention of thousands of

Turks around Anatolia who wished to join

the Empire's forces or hand refused to

give up this new territory that he

claimed was gifted to him by Allah

causing considerable backlash for the

now emperor Kentico Zenoss which

unintentionally helped lead to his

downfall and turmoil within Byzantium

things within the Ottoman world also

began to shift in 1362 following the

death of sultan or han who was roughly

80 years old at the time his son Solomon

had died a few years prior in a hunting

accident and it is believed that the

toll of this loss may have led to

Orhan's sudden demise

regardless Murad the first another son

of or Han was next in line to become the

Empire's third Sultan which he did with

a dramatic entrance

wasting no time after taking the reins

Marad continued the work of

conquering Thrace by seizing Adrianople

and making it the new capital of the

Ottoman Empire even with the confidence

shown by this swift action taken at the

command of the new ruler the Ottomans

continued to avoid an attempt at

capturing Constantinople due to their

sustained lack of proper siege equipment

and the sturdiness of the city's thick

outer walls opting to stay with a better

path for success Murad kept his focus on

easier expansion with more promising

results over the next decade the

Ottomans captured more and more

territories throughout the Balkans even

gaining some of their new control with

little resistance after the Battle of

Maratha in which they defeated their

Christian rivals near tournament on the

Mara River even going as far as

capturing Macedonia Murad the first was

now readily broadening and strengthening

the Ottoman power across the Balkan

region by 1382

the eager Sultan began to put pressure

on Bulgaria first convincing Emperor

ivan shishkin to surrender his country

as a vassal becoming part of a new

policy enacted by Murad in Europe where

the native rulers of existing

principalities would remain in their

place if they accepted the seventy of

the Sultan

accompanied by the provision of

contingents for the Ottoman army

seemingly not giving importance to this

agreement Marad and his troops then

continued pushing on to seize Sofia

parrot and miss these decisive actions

led to the next major victory for the

empire allowing them to conquer Serbia

after the famed Battle of Kosovo in 1389

[Music]

while both armies were severely

deteriorated and the leaders on either

side were killed during the conflict the

Ottoman still had more troops elsewhere

who could be called upon and were

granted overall victory as the domino

effect of acquiring Serbian principality

ensuing the death of Sultan Murad the

first now under the reins of Bey is at

the first one of his sons the Ottomans

were forced to return to Anatolia and

deal with the repercussions of their

calamitous victory efforts on top of

restoration duties Bey's ed was also

suddenly faced with an increasing threat

from the Principality of karma Moran had

previously taken some minor steps to

avoid the new power which was built atop

the remains of the Fallen seljuq dynasty

from attempting to take his newly seized

territories but that was about all the

attention he'd given it phase ed was

unable to ignore the rising concern by

this point with Karimun moving to the

forefront of Ottoman focus after the

capture of territory and ger Mian Tek

and Hamid in an attempt to keep his

Turkish followers from siding with the

potential rivals

beza chose to make peace with Karimun

before moving on to capture bulgaria and

finally venture the daunting task of

laying siege to constantinople in

response to the latter act the

Christians undertook a crusade with the

goal of defeating the invading Ottoman

forces this resulted in the Battle of

Nicopolis in 1396 which was won by Bey

as it and his troops massacring the

Crusader army that was made up of

Hungarians Germans French and other

Christian allies

presumably feeling confident after the

success at Nicholas Bayes it and his men

returned to annex carmen in 1397 despite

the previously agreed on peace treaty

the Sultan's reach now spanned across

the Balkans and into Asia making him one

of the most powerful Muslim leaders at

the time his goal seemed to be that of

his predecessors and future successors

expand while there is relatively very

little information dating back to the

first 100 years of Ottoman power we do

know that the period of time from 1300